---
title: Data Table
description: Powerful table and datagrids built using TanStack Table.
component: true
links:
  doc: https://tanstack.com/table/v8/docs/introduction
---

<ComponentPreview name="data-table-demo" />

## Introduction

Every data table or datagrid I've created has been unique. They all behave differently, have specific sorting and filtering requirements, and work with different data sources.

It doesn't make sense to combine all of these variations into a single component. If we do that, we'll lose the flexibility that [headless UI](https://tanstack.com/table/v8/docs/introduction#what-is-headless-ui) provides.

So instead of a data-table component, I thought it would be more helpful to provide a guide on how to build your own.

We'll start with the basic `<Table />` component and build a complex data table from scratch.

<Callout className="mt-4">

**Tip:** If you find yourself using the same table in multiple places in your app, you can always extract it into a reusable component.

</Callout>

## Table of Contents

This guide will show you how to use [TanStack Table](https://tanstack.com/table) and the `<Table />` component to build your own custom data table. We'll cover the following topics:

- [Basic Table](#basic-table)
- [Row Actions](#row-actions)
- [Pagination](#pagination)
- [Sorting](#sorting)
- [Filtering](#filtering)
- [Visibility](#visibility)
- [Row Selection](#row-selection)
- [Reusable Components](#reusable-components)

## Installation

1. Add the `<Table />` component to your project:

```bash
npx shadcn@latest add table
```

2. Add `tanstack/react-table` dependency:

```bash
npm install @tanstack/react-table
```

## Prerequisites

We are going to build a table to show recent payments. Here's what our data looks like:

```tsx showLineNumbers
type Payment = {
  id: string
  amount: number
  status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
  email: string
}

export const payments: Payment[] = [
  {
    id: "728ed52f",
    amount: 100,
    status: "pending",
    email: "m@example.com",
  },
  {
    id: "489e1d42",
    amount: 125,
    status: "processing",
    email: "example@gmail.com",
  },
  // ...
]
```

## Project Structure

Start by creating the following file structure:

```txt
app
└── payments
    ├── columns.tsx
    ├── data-table.tsx
    └── page.tsx
```

I'm using a Next.js example here but this works for any other React framework.

- `columns.tsx` (client component) will contain our column definitions.
- `data-table.tsx` (client component) will contain our `<DataTable />` component.
- `page.tsx` (server component) is where we'll fetch data and render our table.

## Basic Table

Let's start by building a basic table.

<Steps>

### Column Definitions

First, we'll define our columns.

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/columns.tsx" {3,14-27}
"use client"

import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"

// This type is used to define the shape of our data.
// You can use a Zod schema here if you want.
export type Payment = {
  id: string
  amount: number
  status: "pending" | "processing" | "success" | "failed"
  email: string
}

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    accessorKey: "status",
    header: "Status",
  },
  {
    accessorKey: "email",
    header: "Email",
  },
  {
    accessorKey: "amount",
    header: "Amount",
  },
]
```

<Callout className="mt-4">

**Note:** Columns are where you define the core of what your table
will look like. They define the data that will be displayed, how it will be
formatted, sorted and filtered.

</Callout>

### `<DataTable />` component

Next, we'll create a `<DataTable />` component to render our table.

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/data-table.tsx"
"use client"

import {
  ColumnDef,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"

import {
  Table,
  TableBody,
  TableCell,
  TableHead,
  TableHeader,
  TableRow,
} from "@/components/ui/table"

interface DataTableProps<TData, TValue> {
  columns: ColumnDef<TData, TValue>[]
  data: TData[]
}

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
  })

  return (
    <div className="rounded-md border">
      <Table>
        <TableHeader>
          {table.getHeaderGroups().map((headerGroup) => (
            <TableRow key={headerGroup.id}>
              {headerGroup.headers.map((header) => {
                return (
                  <TableHead key={header.id}>
                    {header.isPlaceholder
                      ? null
                      : flexRender(
                          header.column.columnDef.header,
                          header.getContext()
                        )}
                  </TableHead>
                )
              })}
            </TableRow>
          ))}
        </TableHeader>
        <TableBody>
          {table.getRowModel().rows?.length ? (
            table.getRowModel().rows.map((row) => (
              <TableRow
                key={row.id}
                data-state={row.getIsSelected() && "selected"}
              >
                {row.getVisibleCells().map((cell) => (
                  <TableCell key={cell.id}>
                    {flexRender(cell.column.columnDef.cell, cell.getContext())}
                  </TableCell>
                ))}
              </TableRow>
            ))
          ) : (
            <TableRow>
              <TableCell colSpan={columns.length} className="h-24 text-center">
                No results.
              </TableCell>
            </TableRow>
          )}
        </TableBody>
      </Table>
    </div>
  )
}
```

<Callout>

**Tip**: If you find yourself using `<DataTable />` in multiple places, this is the component you could make reusable by extracting it to `components/ui/data-table.tsx`.

`<DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />`

</Callout>

### Render the table

Finally, we'll render our table in our page component.

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/page.tsx" {22}
import { Payment, columns } from "./columns"
import { DataTable } from "./data-table"

async function getData(): Promise<Payment[]> {
  // Fetch data from your API here.
  return [
    {
      id: "728ed52f",
      amount: 100,
      status: "pending",
      email: "m@example.com",
    },
    // ...
  ]
}

export default async function DemoPage() {
  const data = await getData()

  return (
    <div className="container mx-auto py-10">
      <DataTable columns={columns} data={data} />
    </div>
  )
}
```

</Steps>

## Cell Formatting

Let's format the amount cell to display the dollar amount. We'll also align the cell to the right.

<Steps>

### Update columns definition

Update the `header` and `cell` definitions for amount as follows:

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/columns.tsx" {4-15}
export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    accessorKey: "amount",
    header: () => <div className="text-right">Amount</div>,
    cell: ({ row }) => {
      const amount = parseFloat(row.getValue("amount"))
      const formatted = new Intl.NumberFormat("en-US", {
        style: "currency",
        currency: "USD",
      }).format(amount)

      return <div className="text-right font-medium">{formatted}</div>
    },
  },
]
```

You can use the same approach to format other cells and headers.

</Steps>

## Row Actions

Let's add row actions to our table. We'll use a `<Dropdown />` component for this.

<Steps>

### Update columns definition

Update our columns definition to add a new `actions` column. The `actions` cell returns a `<Dropdown />` component.

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/columns.tsx" {4,6-14,18-45}
"use client"

import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { MoreHorizontal } from "lucide-react"

import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuItem,
  DropdownMenuLabel,
  DropdownMenuSeparator,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  // ...
  {
    id: "actions",
    cell: ({ row }) => {
      const payment = row.original

      return (
        <DropdownMenu>
          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
            <Button variant="ghost" className="h-8 w-8 p-0">
              <span className="sr-only">Open menu</span>
              <MoreHorizontal className="h-4 w-4" />
            </Button>
          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
          <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
            <DropdownMenuLabel>Actions</DropdownMenuLabel>
            <DropdownMenuItem
              onClick={() => navigator.clipboard.writeText(payment.id)}
            >
              Copy payment ID
            </DropdownMenuItem>
            <DropdownMenuSeparator />
            <DropdownMenuItem>View customer</DropdownMenuItem>
            <DropdownMenuItem>View payment details</DropdownMenuItem>
          </DropdownMenuContent>
        </DropdownMenu>
      )
    },
  },
  // ...
]
```

You can access the row data using `row.original` in the `cell` function. Use this to handle actions for your row eg. use the `id` to make a DELETE call to your API.

</Steps>

## Pagination

Next, we'll add pagination to our table.

<Steps>

### Update `<DataTable>`

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/data-table.tsx" {5,17}
import {
  ColumnDef,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
  })

  // ...
}
```

This will automatically paginate your rows into pages of 10. See the [pagination docs](https://tanstack.com/table/v8/docs/api/features/pagination) for more information on customizing page size and implementing manual pagination.

### Add pagination controls

We can add pagination controls to our table using the `<Button />` component and the `table.previousPage()`, `table.nextPage()` API methods.

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/data-table.tsx" {1,15,21-39}
import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
  })

  return (
    <div>
      <div className="rounded-md border">
        <Table>
          { // .... }
        </Table>
      </div>
      <div className="flex items-center justify-end space-x-2 py-4">
        <Button
          variant="outline"
          size="sm"
          onClick={() => table.previousPage()}
          disabled={!table.getCanPreviousPage()}
        >
          Previous
        </Button>
        <Button
          variant="outline"
          size="sm"
          onClick={() => table.nextPage()}
          disabled={!table.getCanNextPage()}
        >
          Next
        </Button>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}
```

See [Reusable Components](#reusable-components) section for a more advanced pagination component.

</Steps>

## Sorting

Let's make the email column sortable.

<Steps>

### Update `<DataTable>`

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/data-table.tsx" showLineNumbers {3,6,10,18,25-28}
"use client"

import * as React from "react"
import {
  ColumnDef,
  SortingState,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  getSortedRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    state: {
      sorting,
    },
  })

  return (
    <div>
      <div className="rounded-md border">
        <Table>{ ... }</Table>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}
```

### Make header cell sortable

We can now update the `email` header cell to add sorting controls.

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/columns.tsx" {4,9-19}
"use client"

import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"
import { ArrowUpDown } from "lucide-react"

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    accessorKey: "email",
    header: ({ column }) => {
      return (
        <Button
          variant="ghost"
          onClick={() => column.toggleSorting(column.getIsSorted() === "asc")}
        >
          Email
          <ArrowUpDown className="ml-2 h-4 w-4" />
        </Button>
      )
    },
  },
]
```

This will automatically sort the table (asc and desc) when the user toggles on the header cell.

</Steps>

## Filtering

Let's add a search input to filter emails in our table.

<Steps>

### Update `<DataTable>`

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/data-table.tsx" {6,10,17,24-26,35-36,39,45-54}
"use client"

import * as React from "react"
import {
  ColumnDef,
  ColumnFiltersState,
  SortingState,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getFilteredRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  getSortedRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"

import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import { Input } from "@/components/ui/input"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
    },
  })

  return (
    <div>
      <div className="flex items-center py-4">
        <Input
          placeholder="Filter emails..."
          value={(table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string) ?? ""}
          onChange={(event) =>
            table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
          }
          className="max-w-sm"
        />
      </div>
      <div className="rounded-md border">
        <Table>{ ... }</Table>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}
```

Filtering is now enabled for the `email` column. You can add filters to other columns as well. See the [filtering docs](https://tanstack.com/table/v8/docs/guide/filters) for more information on customizing filters.

</Steps>

## Visibility

Adding column visibility is fairly simple using `@tanstack/react-table` visibility API.

<Steps>

### Update `<DataTable>`

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/data-table.tsx" {8,18-23,33-34,45,49,64-91}
"use client"

import * as React from "react"
import {
  ColumnDef,
  ColumnFiltersState,
  SortingState,
  VisibilityState,
  flexRender,
  getCoreRowModel,
  getFilteredRowModel,
  getPaginationRowModel,
  getSortedRowModel,
  useReactTable,
} from "@tanstack/react-table"

import { Button } from "@/components/ui/button"
import {
  DropdownMenu,
  DropdownMenuCheckboxItem,
  DropdownMenuContent,
  DropdownMenuTrigger,
} from "@/components/ui/dropdown-menu"

export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )
  const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
    React.useState<VisibilityState>({})

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
    onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
      columnVisibility,
    },
  })

  return (
    <div>
      <div className="flex items-center py-4">
        <Input
          placeholder="Filter emails..."
          value={table.getColumn("email")?.getFilterValue() as string}
          onChange={(event) =>
            table.getColumn("email")?.setFilterValue(event.target.value)
          }
          className="max-w-sm"
        />
        <DropdownMenu>
          <DropdownMenuTrigger asChild>
            <Button variant="outline" className="ml-auto">
              Columns
            </Button>
          </DropdownMenuTrigger>
          <DropdownMenuContent align="end">
            {table
              .getAllColumns()
              .filter(
                (column) => column.getCanHide()
              )
              .map((column) => {
                return (
                  <DropdownMenuCheckboxItem
                    key={column.id}
                    className="capitalize"
                    checked={column.getIsVisible()}
                    onCheckedChange={(value) =>
                      column.toggleVisibility(!!value)
                    }
                  >
                    {column.id}
                  </DropdownMenuCheckboxItem>
                )
              })}
          </DropdownMenuContent>
        </DropdownMenu>
      </div>
      <div className="rounded-md border">
        <Table>{ ... }</Table>
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}
```

This adds a dropdown menu that you can use to toggle column visibility.

</Steps>

## Row Selection

Next, we're going to add row selection to our table.

<Steps>

### Update column definitions

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/columns.tsx" {6,9-27}
"use client"

import { ColumnDef } from "@tanstack/react-table"

import { Badge } from "@/components/ui/badge"
import { Checkbox } from "@/components/ui/checkbox"

export const columns: ColumnDef<Payment>[] = [
  {
    id: "select",
    header: ({ table }) => (
      <Checkbox
        checked={
          table.getIsAllPageRowsSelected() ||
          (table.getIsSomePageRowsSelected() && "indeterminate")
        }
        onCheckedChange={(value) => table.toggleAllPageRowsSelected(!!value)}
        aria-label="Select all"
      />
    ),
    cell: ({ row }) => (
      <Checkbox
        checked={row.getIsSelected()}
        onCheckedChange={(value) => row.toggleSelected(!!value)}
        aria-label="Select row"
      />
    ),
    enableSorting: false,
    enableHiding: false,
  },
]
```

### Update `<DataTable>`

```tsx showLineNumbers title="app/payments/data-table.tsx" {11,23,28}
export function DataTable<TData, TValue>({
  columns,
  data,
}: DataTableProps<TData, TValue>) {
  const [sorting, setSorting] = React.useState<SortingState>([])
  const [columnFilters, setColumnFilters] = React.useState<ColumnFiltersState>(
    []
  )
  const [columnVisibility, setColumnVisibility] =
    React.useState<VisibilityState>({})
  const [rowSelection, setRowSelection] = React.useState({})

  const table = useReactTable({
    data,
    columns,
    onSortingChange: setSorting,
    onColumnFiltersChange: setColumnFilters,
    getCoreRowModel: getCoreRowModel(),
    getPaginationRowModel: getPaginationRowModel(),
    getSortedRowModel: getSortedRowModel(),
    getFilteredRowModel: getFilteredRowModel(),
    onColumnVisibilityChange: setColumnVisibility,
    onRowSelectionChange: setRowSelection,
    state: {
      sorting,
      columnFilters,
      columnVisibility,
      rowSelection,
    },
  })

  return (
    <div>
      <div className="rounded-md border">
        <Table />
      </div>
    </div>
  )
}
```

This adds a checkbox to each row and a checkbox in the header to select all rows.

### Show selected rows

You can show the number of selected rows using the `table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel()` API.

```tsx
<div className="flex-1 text-sm text-muted-foreground">
  {table.getFilteredSelectedRowModel().rows.length} of{" "}
  {table.getFilteredRowModel().rows.length} row(s) selected.
</div>
```

</Steps>

## Reusable Components

Here are some components you can use to build your data tables. This is from the [Tasks](/examples/tasks) demo.

### Column header

Make any column header sortable and hideable.

<ComponentSource src="/app/(app)/examples/tasks/components/data-table-column-header.tsx" />

```tsx {5}
export const columns = [
  {
    accessorKey: "email",
    header: ({ column }) => (
      <DataTableColumnHeader column={column} title="Email" />
    ),
  },
]
```

### Pagination

Add pagination controls to your table including page size and selection count.

<ComponentSource src="/app/(app)/examples/tasks/components/data-table-pagination.tsx" />

```tsx
<DataTablePagination table={table} />
```

### Column toggle

A component to toggle column visibility.

<ComponentSource src="/app/(app)/examples/tasks/components/data-table-view-options.tsx" />

```tsx
<DataTableViewOptions table={table} />
```
