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236 lines
7.5 KiB
Plaintext
236 lines
7.5 KiB
Plaintext
---
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title: not-found.js
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description: API reference for the not-found.js file.
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---
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Next.js provides two conventions to handle not found cases:
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- **`not-found.js`**: Used when you call the [`notFound`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/not-found) function in a route segment.
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- **`global-not-found.js`**: Used to define a global 404 page for unmatched routes across your entire app. This is handled at the routing level and doesn't depend on rendering a layout or page.
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## `not-found.js`
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The **not-found** file is used to render UI when the [`notFound`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/not-found) function is thrown within a route segment. Along with serving a custom UI, Next.js will return a `200` HTTP status code for streamed responses, and `404` for non-streamed responses (see [Status Codes](/docs/app/api-reference/file-conventions/loading#status-codes) for details about SEO).
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```tsx filename="app/not-found.tsx" switcher
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import Link from 'next/link'
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export default function NotFound() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h2>Not Found</h2>
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<p>Could not find requested resource</p>
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<Link href="/">Return Home</Link>
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</div>
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)
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}
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```
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```jsx filename="app/blog/not-found.js" switcher
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import Link from 'next/link'
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export default function NotFound() {
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return (
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<div>
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<h2>Not Found</h2>
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<p>Could not find requested resource</p>
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<Link href="/">Return Home</Link>
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</div>
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)
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}
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```
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In the [component hierarchy](/docs/app/getting-started/project-structure#component-hierarchy), `not-found.js` renders between `loading.js` and `page.js`. It is wrapped by the `<Suspense>` boundary from `loading.js` and the error boundary from `error.js` in the same segment.
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## `global-not-found.js` (experimental)
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The `global-not-found.js` file lets you define a 404 page for your entire application. Unlike `not-found.js`, which works at the route level, this is used when a requested URL doesn't match any route at all. Next.js **skips rendering** and directly returns this global page.
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The `global-not-found.js` file bypasses your app's normal rendering, which means you'll need to import any global styles, fonts, or other dependencies that your 404 page requires.
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> **Good to know**: A smaller version of your global styles, and a simpler font family could improve performance of this page.
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`global-not-found.js` is useful when you can't build a 404 page using a combination of `layout.js` and `not-found.js`. This can happen in two cases:
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- Your app has multiple root layouts (e.g. `app/(admin)/layout.tsx` and `app/(shop)/layout.tsx`), so there's no single layout to compose a global 404 from.
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- Your root layout is defined using top-level dynamic segments (e.g. `app/[country]/layout.tsx`), which makes composing a consistent 404 page harder.
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To enable it, add the `globalNotFound` flag in `next.config.ts`:
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```tsx filename="next.config.ts"
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import type { NextConfig } from 'next'
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const nextConfig: NextConfig = {
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experimental: {
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globalNotFound: true,
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},
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}
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export default nextConfig
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```
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Then, create a file in the root of the `app` directory: `app/global-not-found.js`:
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```tsx filename="app/global-not-found.tsx" switcher
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// Import global styles and fonts
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import './globals.css'
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import { Inter } from 'next/font/google'
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import type { Metadata } from 'next'
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const inter = Inter({ subsets: ['latin'] })
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export const metadata: Metadata = {
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title: '404 - Page Not Found',
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description: 'The page you are looking for does not exist.',
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}
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export default function GlobalNotFound() {
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return (
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<html lang="en" className={inter.className}>
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<body>
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<h1>404 - Page Not Found</h1>
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<p>This page does not exist.</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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)
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}
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```
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```jsx filename="app/global-not-found.js" switcher
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// Import global styles and fonts
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import './globals.css'
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import { Inter } from 'next/font/google'
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const inter = Inter({ subsets: ['latin'] })
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export const metadata = {
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title: '404 - Page Not Found',
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description: 'The page you are looking for does not exist.',
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}
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export default function GlobalNotFound() {
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return (
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<html lang="en" className={inter.className}>
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<body>
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<h1>404 - Page Not Found</h1>
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<p>This page does not exist.</p>
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</body>
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</html>
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)
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}
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```
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Unlike `not-found.js`, this file must return a full HTML document, including `<html>` and `<body>` tags.
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## Reference
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### Props
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`not-found.js` or `global-not-found.js` components do not accept any props.
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> **Good to know**: In addition to catching expected `notFound()` errors, the root `app/not-found.js` and `app/global-not-found.js` files handle any unmatched URLs for your whole application. This means users that visit a URL that is not handled by your app will be shown the exported UI.
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## Examples
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### Data Fetching
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By default, `not-found` is a Server Component. You can mark it as `async` to fetch and display data:
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```tsx filename="app/not-found.tsx" switcher
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import Link from 'next/link'
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import { headers } from 'next/headers'
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export default async function NotFound() {
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const headersList = await headers()
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const domain = headersList.get('host')
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const data = await getSiteData(domain)
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return (
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<div>
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<h2>Not Found: {data.name}</h2>
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<p>Could not find requested resource</p>
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<p>
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View <Link href="/blog">all posts</Link>
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</p>
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</div>
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)
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}
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```
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```jsx filename="app/not-found.jsx" switcher
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import Link from 'next/link'
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import { headers } from 'next/headers'
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export default async function NotFound() {
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const headersList = await headers()
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const domain = headersList.get('host')
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const data = await getSiteData(domain)
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return (
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<div>
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<h2>Not Found: {data.name}</h2>
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<p>Could not find requested resource</p>
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<p>
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View <Link href="/blog">all posts</Link>
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</p>
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</div>
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)
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}
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```
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If you need to use Client Component hooks like `usePathname` to display content based on the path, you must fetch data on the client-side instead.
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### Metadata
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For `global-not-found.js`, you can export a `metadata` object or a [`generateMetadata`](/docs/app/api-reference/functions/generate-metadata) function to customize the `<title>`, `<meta>`, and other head tags for your 404 page:
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> **Good to know**: Next.js automatically injects `<meta name="robots" content="noindex" />` for pages that return a 404 status code, including `global-not-found.js` pages.
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```tsx filename="app/global-not-found.tsx" switcher
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import type { Metadata } from 'next'
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export const metadata: Metadata = {
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title: 'Not Found',
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description: 'The page you are looking for does not exist.',
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}
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export default function GlobalNotFound() {
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return (
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<html lang="en">
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<body>
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<div>
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<h1>Not Found</h1>
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<p>The page you are looking for does not exist.</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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)
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}
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```
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```jsx filename="app/global-not-found.js" switcher
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export const metadata = {
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title: 'Not Found',
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description: 'The page you are looking for does not exist.',
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}
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export default function GlobalNotFound() {
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return (
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<html lang="en">
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<body>
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<div>
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<h1>Not Found</h1>
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<p>The page you are looking for does not exist.</p>
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</div>
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</body>
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</html>
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)
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}
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```
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## Version History
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| Version | Changes |
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| --------- | --------------------------------------------------- |
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| `v15.4.0` | `global-not-found.js` introduced (experimental). |
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| `v13.3.0` | Root `app/not-found` handles global unmatched URLs. |
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| `v13.0.0` | `not-found` introduced. |
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