---
slug: /usage/
sidebar_position: 3
---

# 使い方

## はじめに

プロジェクトのルートに`Taskfile.yml`というファイルを作成します。 `cmds`属性にはタスクのコマンドを記載する必要があります。 以下の例はGoアプリをコンパイルするタスクと、[esbuild](https://esbuild.github.io/)を使って複数のCSSファイルを結合・小さくして1つのファイルにするタスクがあります。

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    cmds:
      - go build -v -i main.go

  assets:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css
```

タスクは以下のように簡単に実行できます:

```bash
task assets build
```

Taskは[mvdan.cc/sh](https://mvdan.cc/sh/)というネイティブなGo shインタプリタを使用しています。 なのでsh/bashコマンドを書いても、Windowsのような`sh`や`bash`が無いような環境でも動かすことが可能です。 実行可能なファイルはOSからアクセスできる場所、もしくはPATH内にある必要があることを覚えておいてください。

タスク名を省略すると、"default"が実行されます。

## サポートされているファイル名

Taskは以下のような優先順位でファイルを探します:

- Taskfile.yml
- taskfile.yml
- Taskfile.yaml
- taskfile.yaml
- Taskfile.dist.yml
- taskfile.dist.yml
- Taskfile.dist.yaml
- taskfile.dist.yaml

`.dist`が存在する意図は、プロジェクトが1つの固定されたバージョン(`.dist`)を持つ一方で、個々のユーザーが`Taskfile.yml`を追加することでTaskfileを上書きできるようにすることです(個々が追加したTaskfileは`.gitignore`に追加されている)

### サブディレクトリからTaskfileを実行する

カレントワーキングディレクトリからTaskfileが見つからなかったときは、見つかるまでファイルツリーを走査します(`git`の動きに似ています)。 このようにタスクをサブディレクトリで実行すると、Taskfileがあるディレクトリから実行したかのように動きます。

このような機能を特別な`{{.USER_WORKING_DIR}}`変数を使うことで、非常に便利で再利用可能なタスクを作成できます。 例えば、各マイクロサービスごとのディレクトリがあるモノリポがある場合、同じ内容の複数のタスクやTaskfileを作らずに、マイクロサービスのディレクトリに`cd`で移動し、タスクコマンドを実行することができます。 例:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  up:
    dir: '{{.USER_WORKING_DIR}}'
    preconditions:
      - test -f docker-compose.yml
    cmds:
      - docker-compose up -d
```

上記の例では、`cd <service>`と`task up`を実行すると、`<service>`ディレクトリに`docker-copmose.yml`があれば、Docker compositionが立ち上がります。

### グローバルなTaskfileを実行する

`--global` (エイリアス `-g`) フラグと一緒にTaskを実行すると、ワーキングディレクトリの代わりにホームディレクトリからTaskfileを探します。 つまり、Taskは`$HOME/{T,t}askfile.{yml,yaml}`にマッチするファイルを探します。

これはシステム内のどこからでも自動化処理を実行可能にする便利な機能です！

:::info

グローバルなTaskfileを`-g`で実行するとき、タスクはワーキンクディレクトリではなく、デフォルトでは`$HOME`ディレクトリで実行されます！

前述したように、`{{.USER_WORKING_DIR}}`という特別な変数は非常に便利で、`task -g`を呼び出しているディレクトリで実行させることができます。

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  from-home:
    cmds:
      - pwd

  from-working-directory:
    dir: '{{.USER_WORKING_DIR}}'
    cmds:
      - pwd
```

:::

## 環境変数

### タスク

`env`を使用して特定のタスクにカスタム環境変数を設定できます:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo $GREETING
    env:
      GREETING: Hey, there!
```

また、すべてのタスクに適用できるグローバルな環境変数を設定することもできます:

```yaml
version: '3'

env:
  GREETING: Hey, there!

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo $GREETING
```

:::info

`env`は変数と同様に、シェルコマンドからの出力を取得して展開することが可能です。詳細は[変数](#variables)セクションを参照してください。

:::

### .envファイル

`dotenv:`設定を使用してTaskに`.env`のようなファイルを読み込ませることもできます:

```bash title=".env"
KEYNAME=VALUE
```

```bash title="testing/.env"
ENDPOINT=testing.com
```

```yaml title="Taskfile.yml"
version: '3'

env:
  ENV: testing

dotenv: ['.env', '{{.ENV}}/.env.', '{{.HOME}}/.env']

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo "Using $KEYNAME and endpoint $ENDPOINT"
```

dotenvファイルはタスクレベルでも使用可能です:

```yaml
version: '3'

env:
  ENV: testing

tasks:
  greet:
    dotenv: ['.env', '{{.ENV}}/.env.', '{{.HOME}}/.env']
    cmds:
      - echo "Using $KEYNAME and endpoint $ENDPOINT"
```

タスクレベルで明示的に定義された環境変数は、dotenvで読み込んだ変数を上書きします:

```yaml
version: '3'

env:
  ENV: testing

tasks:
  greet:
    dotenv: ['.env', '{{.ENV}}/.env.', '{{.HOME}}/.env']
    env:
      KEYNAME: DIFFERENT_VALUE
    cmds:
      - echo "Using $KEYNAME and endpoint $ENDPOINT"
```

:::info

インクルードされたTaskfile内では、`dotenv`設定が現在は使えないことに注意してください。

:::

## 他のTaskfileをインクルードする

異なるプロジェクト(Taskfile)間でタスクを共有したい場合、`includes`キーワードを利用して他のTaskfileをインクルードするためのインポートメカニズムを利用できます。

```yaml
version: '3'

includes:
  docs: ./documentation # will look for ./documentation/Taskfile.yml
  docker: ./DockerTasks.yml
```

指定されたTaskfileに記述されたタスクは、指定された名前空間で利用できるようになります。 なので、`documentation/Taskfile.yml`から`serve`タスクを実行するには、`task docs:serve`を呼び、`DockerTasks.yml`から`build`タスクを実行するには、`task docker:build`を呼び出します。

相対パスはインクルードするTaskfileが含まれているディレクトリに対して解決されます。

### OS固有のTaskfile

`version: '2'`では、taskは`Taskfile_{{OS}}.yml`が存在する場合、自動的にインクルードします。(例えば:  `Taskfile_windows.yml`、`Taskfile_linux.yml`、`Taskfile_darwin.yml`など) この挙動は少し分かりづらかったため、バージョン3で削除されましたが、これらのファイルを明示的にインポートすることで同様の挙動を持たせることができます。

```yaml
version: '3'

includes:
  build: ./Taskfile_{{OS}}.yml
```

### インクルードされたTaskfileのディレクトリ

デフォルトでは、インクルードされたTaskfileのタスクは、Taskfileが別のディレクトリにあったとしても、現在のディレクトリで実行されます。 ですが、代替構文を利用することで、強制的にタスクを別のディレクトリで実行させることができます:

```yaml
version: '3'

includes:
  docs:
    taskfile: ./docs/Taskfile.yml
    dir: ./docs
```

:::info

インクルードされるTaskfileは、メインのTaskfileが使用しているスキーマバージョンと同様のものである必要があります。

:::

### 任意のインクルード

オプショナルとしてマークされたインクルードは、インクルードされるファイルが見つからない場合でも、タスクの実行を通常通り続行させます。

```yaml
version: '3'

includes:
  tests:
    taskfile: ./tests/Taskfile.yml
    optional: true

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo "This command can still be successfully executed if
        ./tests/Taskfile.yml does not exist"
```

### 内部のインクルード

インターナルとしてマークされたインクルードは、インクルードされるファイルの全てのタスクもインターナルとします(下記の [インターナルタスク](#internal-tasks)セクションを参照)。 これはユーザーが直接使用することを意図していないユーティリティタスクをインクルードする際に便利です。

```yaml
version: '3'

includes:
  tests:
    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Utils.yml
    internal: true
```

### インクルードされるTaskfileの変数

Taskfileをインクルードする際に変数を使用することもできます。 これは一度に複数回インクルードするような再利用可能なTaskfileを持つのに便利です。

```yaml
version: '3'

includes:
  backend:
    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Docker.yml
    vars:
      DOCKER_IMAGE: backend_image

  frontend:
    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Docker.yml
    vars:
      DOCKER_IMAGE: frontend_image
```

### ネームスペースのエイリアス

When including a Taskfile, you can give the namespace a list of `aliases`. This works in the same way as [task aliases](#task-aliases) and can be used together to create shorter and easier-to-type commands.

```yaml
version: '3'

includes:
  generate:
    taskfile: ./taskfiles/Generate.yml
    aliases: [gen]
```

:::info

Vars declared in the included Taskfile have preference over the variables in the including Taskfile! If you want a variable in an included Taskfile to be overridable, use the [default function](https://go-task.github.io/slim-sprig/defaults.html): `MY_VAR: '{{.MY_VAR | default "my-default-value"}}'`.

:::

## インターナルタスク

Internal tasks are tasks that cannot be called directly by the user. They will not appear in the output when running `task --list|--list-all`. Other tasks may call internal tasks in the usual way. This is useful for creating reusable, function-like tasks that have no useful purpose on the command line.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build-image-1:
    cmds:
      - task: build-image
        vars:
          DOCKER_IMAGE: image-1

  build-image:
    internal: true
    cmds:
      - docker build -t {{.DOCKER_IMAGE}} .
```

## タスクディレクトリ

By default, tasks will be executed in the directory where the Taskfile is located. But you can easily make the task run in another folder, informing `dir`:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  serve:
    dir: public/www
    cmds:
      # run http server
      - caddy
```

If the directory does not exist, `task` creates it.

## タスクの依存関係

> Dependencies run in parallel, so dependencies of a task should not depend one another. If you want to force tasks to run serially, take a look at the [Calling Another Task](#calling-another-task) section below.

You may have tasks that depend on others. Just pointing them on `deps` will make them run automatically before running the parent task:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    deps: [assets]
    cmds:
      - go build -v -i main.go

  assets:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css
```

In the above example, `assets` will always run right before `build` if you run `task build`.

A task can have only dependencies and no commands to group tasks together:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  assets:
    deps: [js, css]

  js:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify js/index.js > public/bundle.js

  css:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css
```

If there is more than one dependency, they always run in parallel for better performance.

:::tip

You can also make the tasks given by the command line run in parallel by using the `--parallel` flag (alias `-p`). Example: `task --parallel js css`.

:::

If you want to pass information to dependencies, you can do that the same manner as you would to [call another task](#calling-another-task):

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    deps:
      - task: echo_sth
        vars: { TEXT: 'before 1' }
      - task: echo_sth
        vars: { TEXT: 'before 2' }
        silent: true
    cmds:
      - echo "after"

  echo_sth:
    cmds:
      - echo {{.TEXT}}
```

## Platform specific tasks and commands

If you want to restrict the running of tasks to explicit platforms, this can be achieved using the `platforms:` key. Tasks can be restricted to a specific OS, architecture or a combination of both. On a mismatch, the task or command will be skipped, and no error will be thrown.

The values allowed as OS or Arch are valid `GOOS` and `GOARCH` values, as defined by the Go language [here](https://github.com/golang/go/blob/master/src/go/build/syslist.go).

The `build-windows` task below will run only on Windows, and on any architecture:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build-windows:
    platforms: [windows]
    cmds:
      - echo 'Running command on Windows'
```

This can be restricted to a specific architecture as follows:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build-windows-amd64:
    platforms: [windows/amd64]
    cmds:
      - echo 'Running command on Windows (amd64)'
```

It is also possible to restrict the task to specific architectures:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build-amd64:
    platforms: [amd64]
    cmds:
      - echo 'Running command on amd64'
```

Multiple platforms can be specified as follows:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    platforms: [windows/amd64, darwin]
    cmds:
      - echo 'Running command on Windows (amd64) and macOS'
```

Individual commands can also be restricted to specific platforms:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    cmds:
      - cmd: echo 'Running command on Windows (amd64) and macOS'
        platforms: [windows/amd64, darwin]
      - cmd: echo 'Running on all platforms'
```

## Calling another task

When a task has many dependencies, they are executed concurrently. This will often result in a faster build pipeline. However, in some situations, you may need to call other tasks serially. In this case, use the following syntax:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  main-task:
    cmds:
      - task: task-to-be-called
      - task: another-task
      - echo "Both done"

  task-to-be-called:
    cmds:
      - echo "Task to be called"

  another-task:
    cmds:
      - echo "Another task"
```

Using the `vars` and `silent` attributes you can choose to pass variables and toggle [silent mode](#silent-mode) on a call-by-call basis:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  greet:
    vars:
      RECIPIENT: '{{default "World" .RECIPIENT}}'
    cmds:
      - echo "Hello, {{.RECIPIENT}}!"

  greet-pessimistically:
    cmds:
      - task: greet
        vars: { RECIPIENT: 'Cruel World' }
        silent: true
```

The above syntax is also supported in `deps`.

:::tip

NOTE: If you want to call a task declared in the root Taskfile from within an [included Taskfile](#including-other-taskfiles), add a leading `:` like this: `task: :task-name`.

:::

## Prevent unnecessary work

### By fingerprinting locally generated files and their sources

If a task generates something, you can inform Task the source and generated files, so Task will prevent running them if not necessary.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    deps: [js, css]
    cmds:
      - go build -v -i main.go

  js:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify js/index.js > public/bundle.js
    sources:
      - src/js/**/*.js
    generates:
      - public/bundle.js

  css:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css
    sources:
      - src/css/**/*.css
    generates:
      - public/bundle.css
```

`sources` and `generates` can be files or file patterns. When given, Task will compare the checksum of the source files to determine if it's necessary to run the task. If not, it will just print a message like `Task "js" is up to date`.

If you prefer this check to be made by the modification timestamp of the files, instead of its checksum (content), just set the `method` property to `timestamp`.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    cmds:
      - go build .
    sources:
      - ./*.go
    generates:
      - app{{exeExt}}
    method: timestamp
```

In situations where you need more flexibility the `status` keyword can be used. You can even combine the two. See the documentation for [status](#using-programmatic-checks-to-indicate-a-task-is-up-to-date) for an example.

:::info

By default, task stores checksums on a local `.task` directory in the project's directory. Most of the time, you'll want to have this directory on `.gitignore` (or equivalent) so it isn't committed. (If you have a task for code generation that is committed it may make sense to commit the checksum of that task as well, though).

If you want these files to be stored in another directory, you can set a `TASK_TEMP_DIR` environment variable in your machine. It can contain a relative path like `tmp/task` that will be interpreted as relative to the project directory, or an absolute or home path like `/tmp/.task` or `~/.task` (subdirectories will be created for each project).

```bash
export TASK_TEMP_DIR='~/.task'
```

:::

:::info

Each task has only one checksum stored for its `sources`. If you want to distinguish a task by any of its input variables, you can add those variables as part of the task's label, and it will be considered a different task.

This is useful if you want to run a task once for each distinct set of inputs until the sources actually change. For example, if the sources depend on the value of a variable, or you if you want the task to rerun if some arguments change even if the source has not.

:::

:::tip

The method `none` skips any validation and always run the task.

:::

:::info

For the `checksum` (default) or `timestamp` method to work, it is only necessary to inform the source files. When the `timestamp` method is used, the last time of the running the task is considered as a generate.

:::

### Using programmatic checks to indicate a task is up to date

Alternatively, you can inform a sequence of tests as `status`. If no error is returned (exit status 0), the task is considered up-to-date:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  generate-files:
    cmds:
      - mkdir directory
      - touch directory/file1.txt
      - touch directory/file2.txt
    # test existence of files
    status:
      - test -d directory
      - test -f directory/file1.txt
      - test -f directory/file2.txt
```

Normally, you would use `sources` in combination with `generates` - but for tasks that generate remote artifacts (Docker images, deploys, CD releases) the checksum source and timestamps require either access to the artifact or for an out-of-band refresh of the `.checksum` fingerprint file.

Two special variables `{{.CHECKSUM}}` and `{{.TIMESTAMP}}` are available for interpolation within `status` commands, depending on the method assigned to fingerprint the sources. Only `source` globs are fingerprinted.

Note that the `{{.TIMESTAMP}}` variable is a "live" Go `time.Time` struct, and can be formatted using any of the methods that `time.Time` responds to.

See [the Go Time documentation](https://golang.org/pkg/time/) for more information.

You can use `--force` or `-f` if you want to force a task to run even when up-to-date.

Also, `task --status [tasks]...` will exit with a non-zero exit code if any of the tasks are not up-to-date.

`status` can be combined with the [fingerprinting](#by-fingerprinting-locally-generated-files-and-their-sources) to have a task run if either the the source/generated artifacts changes, or the programmatic check fails:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:prod:
    desc: Build for production usage.
    cmds:
      - composer install
    # Run this task if source files changes.
    sources:
      - composer.json
      - composer.lock
    generates:
      - ./vendor/composer/installed.json
      - ./vendor/autoload.php
    # But also run the task if the last build was not a production build.
    status:
      - grep -q '"dev": false' ./vendor/composer/installed.json
```

### Using programmatic checks to cancel the execution of a task and its dependencies

In addition to `status` checks, `preconditions` checks are the logical inverse of `status` checks. That is, if you need a certain set of conditions to be _true_ you can use the `preconditions` stanza. `preconditions` are similar to `status` lines, except they support `sh` expansion, and they SHOULD all return 0.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  generate-files:
    cmds:
      - mkdir directory
      - touch directory/file1.txt
      - touch directory/file2.txt
    # test existence of files
    preconditions:
      - test -f .env
      - sh: '[ 1 = 0 ]'
        msg: "One doesn't equal Zero, Halting"
```

Preconditions can set specific failure messages that can tell a user what steps to take using the `msg` field.

If a task has a dependency on a sub-task with a precondition, and that precondition is not met - the calling task will fail. Note that a task executed with a failing precondition will not run unless `--force` is given.

Unlike `status`, which will skip a task if it is up to date and continue executing tasks that depend on it, a `precondition` will fail a task, along with any other tasks that depend on it.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  task-will-fail:
    preconditions:
      - sh: 'exit 1'

  task-will-also-fail:
    deps:
      - task-will-fail

  task-will-still-fail:
    cmds:
      - task: task-will-fail
      - echo "I will not run"
```

### Limiting when tasks run

If a task executed by multiple `cmds` or multiple `deps` you can control when it is executed using `run`. `run` can also be set at the root of the Taskfile to change the behavior of all the tasks unless explicitly overridden.

Supported values for `run`:

- `always` (default) always attempt to invoke the task regardless of the number of previous executions
- `once` only invoke this task once regardless of the number of references
- `when_changed` only invokes the task once for each unique set of variables passed into the task

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - task: generate-file
        vars: { CONTENT: '1' }
      - task: generate-file
        vars: { CONTENT: '2' }
      - task: generate-file
        vars: { CONTENT: '2' }

  generate-file:
    run: when_changed
    deps:
      - install-deps
    cmds:
      - echo {{.CONTENT}}

  install-deps:
    run: once
    cmds:
      - sleep 5 # long operation like installing packages
```

### Ensuring required variables are set

If you want to check that certain variables are set before running a task then you can use `requires`. This is useful when might not be clear to users which variables are needed, or if you want clear message about what is required. Also some tasks could have dangerous side effects if run with un-set variables.

Using `requires` you specify an array of strings in the `vars` sub-section under `requires`, these strings are variable names which are checked prior to running the task. If any variables are un-set the the task will error and not run.

Environmental variables are also checked.

Syntax:

```yaml
requires:
  vars: [] # Array of strings
```

:::note

Variables set to empty zero length strings, will pass the `requires` check.

:::

Example of using `requires`:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  docker-build:
    cmds:
      - 'docker build . -t {{.IMAGE_NAME}}:{{.IMAGE_TAG}}'

    # Make sure these variables are set before running
    requires:
      vars: [IMAGE_NAME, IMAGE_TAG]
```

## 変数

When doing interpolation of variables, Task will look for the below. They are listed below in order of importance (i.e. most important first):

- Variables declared in the task definition
- Variables given while calling a task from another (See [Calling another task](#calling-another-task) above)
- Variables of the [included Taskfile](#including-other-taskfiles) (when the task is included)
- Variables of the [inclusion of the Taskfile](#vars-of-included-taskfiles) (when the task is included)
- Global variables (those declared in the `vars:` option in the Taskfile)
- Environment variables

Example of sending parameters with environment variables:

```bash
$ TASK_VARIABLE=a-value task do-something
```

:::tip

A special variable `.TASK` is always available containing the task name.

:::

Since some shells do not support the above syntax to set environment variables (Windows) tasks also accept a similar style when not at the beginning of the command.

```bash
$ task write-file FILE=file.txt "CONTENT=Hello, World!" print "MESSAGE=All done!"
```

Example of locally declared vars:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  print-var:
    cmds:
      - echo "{{.VAR}}"
    vars:
      VAR: Hello!
```

Example of global vars in a `Taskfile.yml`:

```yaml
version: '3'

vars:
  GREETING: Hello from Taskfile!

tasks:
  greet:
    cmds:
      - echo "{{.GREETING}}"
```

### Dynamic variables

The below syntax (`sh:` prop in a variable) is considered a dynamic variable. The value will be treated as a command and the output assigned. If there are one or more trailing newlines, the last newline will be trimmed.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    cmds:
      - go build -ldflags="-X main.Version={{.GIT_COMMIT}}" main.go
    vars:
      GIT_COMMIT:
        sh: git log -n 1 --format=%h
```

This works for all types of variables.

## Looping over values

As of v3.28.0, Task allows you to loop over certain values and execute a command for each. There are a number of ways to do this depending on the type of value you want to loop over.

### Looping over a static list

The simplest kind of loop is an explicit one. This is useful when you want to loop over a set of values that are known ahead of time.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - for: ['foo.txt', 'bar.txt']
        cmd: cat {{ .ITEM }}
```

### Looping over your task's sources

You are also able to loop over the sources of your task:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    sources:
      - foo.txt
      - bar.txt
    cmds:
      - for: sources
        cmd: cat {{ .ITEM }}
```

This will also work if you use globbing syntax in your sources. For example, if you specify a source for `*.txt`, the loop will iterate over all files that match that glob.

Source paths will always be returned as paths relative to the task directory. If you need to convert this to an absolute path, you can use the built-in `joinPath` function. There are some [special variables](/api/#special-variables) that you may find useful for this.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    vars:
      MY_DIR: /path/to/dir
    dir: '{{.MY_DIR}}'
    sources:
      - foo.txt
      - bar.txt
    cmds:
      - for: sources
        cmd: cat {{joinPath .MY_DIR .ITEM}}
```

### Looping over variables

To loop over the contents of a variable, you simply need to specify the variable you want to loop over. By default, variables will be split on any whitespace characters.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    vars:
      MY_VAR: foo.txt bar.txt
    cmds:
      - for: { var: MY_VAR }
        cmd: cat {{.ITEM}}
```

If you need to split on a different character, you can do this by specifying the `split` property:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    vars:
      MY_VAR: foo.txt,bar.txt
    cmds:
      - for: { var: MY_VAR, split: ',' }
        cmd: cat {{.ITEM}}
```

All of this also works with dynamic variables!

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    vars:
      MY_VAR:
        sh: find -type f -name '*.txt'
    cmds:
      - for: { var: MY_VAR }
        cmd: cat {{.ITEM}}
```

### Renaming variables

If you want to rename the iterator variable to make it clearer what the value contains, you can do so by specifying the `as` property:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    vars:
      MY_VAR: foo.txt bar.txt
    cmds:
      - for: { var: MY_VAR, as: FILE }
        cmd: cat {{.FILE}}
```

### Looping over tasks

Because the `for` property is defined at the `cmds` level, you can also use it alongside the `task` keyword to run tasks multiple times with different variables.

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - for: [foo, bar]
        task: my-task
        vars:
          FILE: '{{.ITEM}}'

  my-task:
    cmds:
      - echo '{{.FILE}}'
```

Or if you want to run different tasks depending on the value of the loop:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - for: [foo, bar]
        task: task-{{.ITEM}}

  task-foo:
    cmds:
      - echo 'foo'

  task-bar:
    cmds:
      - echo 'bar'
```

## CLI引数をコマンドにフォワード

CLIで`--`が渡されると、次に続く全てのパラメータが、`.CLI_ARGS`という特別な変数に追加されます。 これは引数を別のコマンドにフォワードするのに便利です。

以下の例では`yarn install`を実行します。

```bash
$ task yarn -- install
```

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  yarn:
    cmds:
      - yarn {{.CLI_ARGS}}
```

## `defer`を使ったタスクのクリーンアップ

With the `defer` keyword, it's possible to schedule cleanup to be run once the task finishes. The difference with just putting it as the last command is that this command will run even when the task fails.

In the example below, `rm -rf tmpdir/` will run even if the third command fails:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - mkdir -p tmpdir/
      - defer: rm -rf tmpdir/
      - echo 'Do work on tmpdir/'
```

If you want to move the cleanup command into another task, that is possible as well:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - mkdir -p tmpdir/
      - defer: { task: cleanup }
      - echo 'Do work on tmpdir/'

  cleanup: rm -rf tmpdir/
```

:::info

Due to the nature of how the [Go's own `defer` work](https://go.dev/tour/flowcontrol/13), the deferred commands are executed in the reverse order if you schedule multiple of them.

:::

## Goのテンプレートエンジン

Task parse commands as [Go's template engine][gotemplate] before executing them. Variables are accessible through dot syntax (`.VARNAME`).

All functions by the Go's [slim-sprig lib](https://go-task.github.io/slim-sprig/) are available. The following example gets the current date in a given format:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  print-date:
    cmds:
      - echo {{now | date "2006-01-02"}}
```

Task also adds the following functions:

- `OS`: Returns the operating system. Possible values are `windows`, `linux`, `darwin` (macOS) and `freebsd`.
- `ARCH`: return the architecture Task was compiled to: `386`, `amd64`, `arm` or `s390x`.
- `splitLines`: Splits Unix (`\n`) and Windows (`\r\n`) styled newlines.
- `catLines`: Replaces Unix (`\n`) and Windows (`\r\n`) styled newlines with a space.
- `toSlash`: Does nothing on Unix, but on Windows converts a string from `\` path format to `/`.
- `fromSlash`: Opposite of `toSlash`. Does nothing on Unix, but on Windows converts a string from `/` path format to `\`.
- `exeExt`: Returns the right executable extension for the current OS (`".exe"` for Windows, `""` for others).
- `shellQuote`: Quotes a string to make it safe for use in shell scripts. Task uses [this Go function](https://pkg.go.dev/mvdan.cc/sh/v3@v3.4.0/syntax#Quote) for this. The Bash dialect is assumed.
- `splitArgs`: Splits a string as if it were a command's arguments. Task uses [this Go function](https://pkg.go.dev/mvdan.cc/sh/v3@v3.4.0/shell#Fields)

例:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  print-os:
    cmds:
      - echo '{{OS}} {{ARCH}}'
      - echo '{{if eq OS "windows"}}windows-command{{else}}unix-command{{end}}'
      # This will be path/to/file on Unix but path\to\file on Windows
      - echo '{{fromSlash "path/to/file"}}'
  enumerated-file:
    vars:
      CONTENT: |
        foo
        bar
    cmds:
      - |
        cat << EOF > output.txt
        {{range $i, $line := .CONTENT | splitLines -}}
        {{printf "%3d" $i}}: {{$line}}
        {{end}}EOF
```

## ヘルプ

Running `task --list` (or `task -l`) lists all tasks with a description. The following Taskfile:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build:
    desc: Build the go binary.
    cmds:
      - go build -v -i main.go

  test:
    desc: Run all the go tests.
    cmds:
      - go test -race ./...

  js:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify js/index.js > public/bundle.js

  css:
    cmds:
      - esbuild --bundle --minify css/index.css > public/bundle.css
```

would print the following output:

```bash
* build:   Build the go binary.
* test:    Run all the go tests.
```

If you want to see all tasks, there's a `--list-all` (alias `-a`) flag as well.

## タスクの概要を表示する

`task --summary task-name`を実行することでタスクの概要が表示されます。 Taskfileの例:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  release:
    deps: [build]
    summary: |
      Release your project to github

      It will build your project before starting the release.
      Please make sure that you have set GITHUB_TOKEN before starting.
    cmds:
      - your-release-tool

  build:
    cmds:
      - your-build-tool
```

`task --summary release`を実行することで、以下のように出力されます:

```
task: release

Release your project to github

It will build your project before starting the release.
Please make sure that you have set GITHUB_TOKEN before starting.

dependencies:
 - build

commands:
 - your-release-tool
```

summaryがない場合はdescriptionが表示されます。 summaryもdescriptionもない場合は警告が表示されます。

注意: _概要を表示するときはコマンドは実行されません_。

## タスクのエイリアス

Aliases are alternative names for tasks. They can be used to make it easier and quicker to run tasks with long or hard-to-type names. You can use them on the command line, when [calling sub-tasks](#calling-another-task) in your Taskfile and when [including tasks](#including-other-taskfiles) with aliases from another Taskfile. They can also be used together with [namespace aliases](#namespace-aliases).

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  generate:
    aliases: [gen]
    cmds:
      - task: gen-mocks

  generate-mocks:
    aliases: [gen-mocks]
    cmds:
      - echo "generating..."
```

## タスク名の上書き

Sometimes you may want to override the task name printed on the summary, up-to-date messages to STDOUT, etc. In this case, you can just set `label:`, which can also be interpolated with variables:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    - task: print
      vars:
        MESSAGE: hello
    - task: print
      vars:
        MESSAGE: world

  print:
    label: 'print-{{.MESSAGE}}'
    cmds:
      - echo "{{.MESSAGE}}"
```

## 警告プロンプト

Warning Prompts are used to prompt a user for confirmation before a task is executed.

Below is an example using `prompt` with a dangerous command, that is called between two safe commands:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  example:
    cmds:
      - task: not-dangerous
      - task: dangerous
      - task: another-not-dangerous

  not-dangerous:
    cmds:
      - echo 'not dangerous command'

  another-not-dangerous:
    cmds:
      - echo 'another not dangerous command'

  dangerous:
    prompt: This is a dangerous command... Do you want to continue?
    cmds:
      - echo 'dangerous command'
```

```bash
❯ task dangerous
task: "This is a dangerous command... Do you want to continue?" [y/N]
```

Warning prompts are called before executing a task. If a prompt is denied Task will exit with [exit code](api_reference.md#exit-codes) 205. If approved, Task will continue as normal.

```bash
❯ task example
not dangerous command
task: "This is a dangerous command. Do you want to continue?" [y/N]
y
dangerous command
another not dangerous command
```

To skip warning prompts automatically, you can use the `--yes` (alias `-y`) option when calling the task. By including this option, all warnings, will be automatically confirmed, and no prompts will be shown.

:::caution

Tasks with prompts always fail by default on non-terminal environments, like a CI, where an `stdin` won't be available for the user to answer. In those cases, use `--yes` (`-y`) to force all tasks with a prompt to run.

:::

## サイレントモード

Silent mode disables the echoing of commands before Task runs it. For the following Taskfile:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - echo "Print something"
```

Normally this will be printed:

```sh
echo "Print something"
Print something
```

With silent mode on, the below will be printed instead:

```sh
Print something
```

There are four ways to enable silent mode:

- At command level:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - cmd: echo "Print something"
        silent: true
```

- At task level:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - echo "Print something"
    silent: true
```

- Globally at Taskfile level:

```yaml
version: '3'

silent: true

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - echo "Print something"
```

- Or globally with `--silent` or `-s` flag

If you want to suppress STDOUT instead, just redirect a command to `/dev/null`:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - echo "This will print nothing" > /dev/null
```

## ドライランモード

Dry run mode (`--dry`) compiles and steps through each task, printing the commands that would be run without executing them. This is useful for debugging your Taskfiles.

## エラーを無視する

You have the option to ignore errors during command execution. Given the following Taskfile:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - exit 1
      - echo "Hello World"
```

Task will abort the execution after running `exit 1` because the status code `1` stands for `EXIT_FAILURE`. However, it is possible to continue with execution using `ignore_error`:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  echo:
    cmds:
      - cmd: exit 1
        ignore_error: true
      - echo "Hello World"
```

`ignore_error` can also be set for a task, which means errors will be suppressed for all commands. Nevertheless, keep in mind that this option will not propagate to other tasks called either by `deps` or `cmds`!

## 出力構文

By default, Task just redirects the STDOUT and STDERR of the running commands to the shell in real-time. This is good for having live feedback for logging printed by commands, but the output can become messy if you have multiple commands running simultaneously and printing lots of stuff.

To make this more customizable, there are currently three different output options you can choose:

- `interleaved` (default)
- `group`
- `prefixed`

To choose another one, just set it to root in the Taskfile:

```yaml
version: '3'

output: 'group'

tasks:
  # ...
```

The `group` output will print the entire output of a command once after it finishes, so you will not have live feedback for commands that take a long time to run.

When using the `group` output, you can optionally provide a templated message to print at the start and end of the group. This can be useful for instructing CI systems to group all of the output for a given task, such as with [GitHub Actions' `::group::` command](https://docs.github.com/en/actions/learn-github-actions/workflow-commands-for-github-actions#grouping-log-lines) or [Azure Pipelines](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/devops/pipelines/scripts/logging-commands?expand=1&view=azure-devops&tabs=bash#formatting-commands).

```yaml
version: '3'

output:
  group:
    begin: '::group::{{.TASK}}'
    end: '::endgroup::'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - echo 'Hello, World!'
    silent: true
```

```bash
$ task default
::group::default
Hello, World!
::endgroup::
```

When using the `group` output, you may swallow the output of the executed command on standard output and standard error if it does not fail (zero exit code).

```yaml
version: '3'

silent: true

output:
  group:
    error_only: true

tasks:
  passes: echo 'output-of-passes'
  errors: echo 'output-of-errors' && exit 1
```

```bash
$ task passes
$ task errors
output-of-errors
task: Failed to run task "errors": exit status 1
```

The `prefix` output will prefix every line printed by a command with `[task-name]` as the prefix, but you can customize the prefix for a command with the `prefix:` attribute:

```yaml
version: '3'

output: prefixed

tasks:
  default:
    deps:
      - task: print
        vars: { TEXT: foo }
      - task: print
        vars: { TEXT: bar }
      - task: print
        vars: { TEXT: baz }

  print:
    cmds:
      - echo "{{.TEXT}}"
    prefix: 'print-{{.TEXT}}'
    silent: true
```

```bash
$ task default
[print-foo] foo
[print-bar] bar
[print-baz] baz
```

:::tip

The `output` option can also be specified by the `--output` or `-o` flags.

:::

## 対話型CLIアプリケーション

Task内で対話型CLIアプリケーションを実行する際、時折変な挙動をすることがあり、特に[出力モード](#output-syntax)が`交互`(デフォルト)に設定されていない、または対話型アプリが他のタスクと並行して実行される場合に発生します。

`interactive: true`は、これが対話型アプリケーションであることをTaskに伝え、Taskはそれに最適化しようとします:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  default:
    cmds:
      - vim my-file.txt
    interactive: true
```

対話側アプリをTaskを通して実行する際に依然として問題がある場合は、それについてのIssueを作ってください。

## 短いタスク構文

Task v3から、デフォルトの設定(例: カスタムな `env:`、`vars`、`desc:`、`silent:`などがない場合)を持つタスクは、より短い構文で記述することができます:

```yaml
version: '3'

tasks:
  build: go build -v -o ./app{{exeExt}} .

  run:
    - task: build
    - ./app{{exeExt}} -h localhost -p 8080
```

## `set`と`shopt`

[`set`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Set-Builtin.html)および[`shopt`](https://www.gnu.org/software/bash/manual/html_node/The-Shopt-Builtin.html)の組み込みコマンドにオプションを渡すことが可能です。 これは、グローバル、タスク、またはコマンドのそれぞれのレベルで設定することができます。

```yaml
version: '3'

set: [pipefail]
shopt: [globstar]

tasks:
  # `globstar` required for double star globs to work
  default: echo **/*.go
```

:::info

Taskが使用する[シェルインタプリタライブラリ](https://github.com/mvdan/sh)で利用可能なオプションは全てがあるわけではないことに注意してください。

:::

## タスクのウォッチ

With the flags `--watch` or `-w` task will watch for file changes and run the task again. This requires the `sources` attribute to be given, so task knows which files to watch.

The default watch interval is 5 seconds, but it's possible to change it by either setting `interval: '500ms'` in the root of the Taskfile passing it as an argument like `--interval=500ms`.

Also, it's possible to set `watch: true` in a given task and it'll automatically run in watch mode:

```yaml
version: '3'

interval: 500ms

tasks:
  build:
    desc: Builds the Go application
    watch: true
    sources:
      - '**/*.go'
    cmds:
      - go build  # ...
```

:::info

Note that when setting `watch: true` to a task, it'll only run in watch mode when running from the CLI via `task my-watch-task`, but won't run in watch mode if called by another task, either directly or as a dependency.

:::

<!-- prettier-ignore-start -->

<!-- prettier-ignore-end -->
[gotemplate]: https://golang.org/pkg/text/template/
