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{
"label": "Contributing",
"position": 35,
"link": {
"type": "generated-index",
"slug": "/contributing",
"title": "Contributing"
}
}

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---
slug: "contributing"
sidebar_position: 1
---
# Contributing to Gitea
Thank you for your interest in contributing to Gitea! This guide will help you understand how to contribute to the project effectively.
## Getting Started
Before you start contributing, please read our [Hacking on Gitea](../development/hacking-on-gitea) guide to set up your development environment.
## Contribution Guidelines
We have specific guidelines for different types of contributions:
### Backend Development
If you're working on backend code (Go), please follow our [Guidelines for Backend Development](./guidelines-backend). This includes:
- Package design and dependencies
- Database operations and migrations
- Testing strategies
- Code organization
### Frontend Development
For frontend contributions (JavaScript, CSS, Vue), refer to our [Guidelines for Frontend Development](./guidelines-frontend). This covers:
- Framework usage (Vue3, Fomantic-UI)
- Code style and best practices
- Accessibility requirements
- TypeScript usage
### Refactoring
When refactoring existing code, follow our [Guidelines for Refactoring](./guidelines-refactoring) to ensure:
- Clear refactoring objectives
- Proper review process
- Maintaining backward compatibility
- Incremental improvements
### Localization
To contribute translations or localization improvements, see our [Localization Guide](./localization) which explains:
- How to contribute translations via Crowdin
- Supported languages
- Translation workflow
## Code of Conduct
Please be respectful and constructive in all interactions with the community. We are committed to providing a welcoming and inclusive environment for all contributors.
## Getting Help
If you need help with your contribution:
- Join our [Discord](https://discord.gg/gitea) #Develop channel
- Visit our [Forum](https://forum.gitea.com/)
- Check existing [GitHub Issues](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/issues)
## Submitting Your Contribution
1. Fork the repository
2. Create a feature branch
3. Make your changes following the relevant guidelines
4. Write tests for your changes
5. Ensure all tests pass
6. Submit a pull request
For more details, see our [CONTRIBUTING.md](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) in the main repository.
Thank you for helping make Gitea better!

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---
date: "2021-11-01T23:41:00+08:00"
slug: "guidelines-backend"
sidebar_position: 20
aliases:
- /en-us/guidelines-backend
---
# Guidelines for Backend Development
## Background
Gitea uses Golang as the backend programming language. It uses many third-party packages and also write some itself.
For example, Gitea uses [Chi](https://github.com/go-chi/chi) as basic web framework. [Xorm](https://xorm.io) is an ORM framework that is used to interact with the database.
So it's very important to manage these packages. Please take the below guidelines before you start to write backend code.
## Package Design Guideline
### Packages List
To maintain understandable code and avoid circular dependencies it is important to have a good code structure. The Gitea backend is divided into the following parts:
- `build`: Scripts to help build Gitea.
- `cmd`: All Gitea actual sub commands includes web, doctor, serv, hooks, admin and etc. `web` will start the web service. `serv` and `hooks` will be invoked by Git or OpenSSH. Other sub commands could help to maintain Gitea.
- `tests`: Common test utility functions
- `tests/integration`: Integration tests, to test back-end regressions
- `tests/e2e`: E2e tests, to test front-end and back-end compatibility and visual regressions.
- `models`: Contains the data structures used by xorm to construct database tables. It also contains functions to query and update the database. Dependencies to other Gitea code should be avoided. You can make exceptions in cases such as logging.
- `models/db`: Basic database operations. All other `models/xxx` packages should depend on this package. The `GetEngine` function should only be invoked from `models/`.
- `models/fixtures`: Sample data used in unit tests and integration tests. One `yml` file means one table which will be loaded into database when beginning the tests.
- `models/migrations`: Stores database migrations between versions. PRs that change a database structure **MUST** also have a migration step.
- `modules`: Different modules to handle specific functionality in Gitea. Work in Progress: Some of them should be moved to `services`, in particular those that depend on models because they rely on the database.
- `modules/setting`: Store all system configurations read from ini files and has been referenced by everywhere. But they should be used as function parameters when possible.
- `modules/git`: Package to interactive with `Git` command line or Gogit package.
- `public`: Compiled frontend files (javascript, images, css, etc.)
- `routers`: Handling of server requests. As it uses other Gitea packages to serve the request, other packages (models, modules or services) must not depend on routers.
- `routers/api` Contains routers for `/api/v1` aims to handle RESTful API requests.
- `routers/install` Could only respond when system is in INSTALL mode (INSTALL_LOCK=false).
- `routers/private` will only be invoked by internal sub commands, especially `serv` and `hooks`.
- `routers/web` will handle HTTP requests from web browsers or Git SMART HTTP protocols.
- `services`: Support functions for common routing operations or command executions. Uses `models` and `modules` to handle the requests.
- `templates`: Golang templates for generating the html output.
### Package Dependencies
Since Golang doesn't support import cycles, we have to decide the package dependencies carefully. There are some levels between those packages. Below is the ideal package dependencies direction.
`cmd` -> `routers` -> `services` -> `models` -> `modules`
From left to right, left packages could depend on right packages, but right packages MUST not depend on left packages. The sub packages on the same level could depend on according this level's rules.
:::warning
Why do we need database transactions outside of `models`? And how?
Some actions should allow for rollback when database record insertion/update/deletion failed.
So services must be allowed to create a database transaction. Here is some example,
```go
// services/repository/repository.go
func CreateXXXX() error {
return db.WithTx(func(ctx context.Context) error {
// do something, if err is returned, it will rollback automatically
if err := issues.UpdateIssue(ctx, repoID); err != nil {
// ...
return err
}
// ...
return nil
})
}
```
You should **not** use `db.GetEngine(ctx)` in `services` directly, but just write a function under `models/`.
If the function will be used in the transaction, just let `context.Context` as the function's first parameter.
```go
// models/issues/issue.go
func UpdateIssue(ctx context.Context, repoID int64) error {
e := db.GetEngine(ctx)
// ...
}
```
:::
### Package Name
For the top level package, use a plural as package name, i.e. `services`, `models`, for sub packages, use singular,
i.e. `services/user`, `models/repository`.
### Import Alias
Since there are some packages which use the same package name, it is possible that you find packages like `modules/user`, `models/user`, and `services/user`. When these packages are imported in one Go file, it's difficult to know which package we are using and if it's a variable name or an import name. So, we always recommend to use import aliases. To differ from package variables which are commonly in camelCase, just use **snake_case** for import aliases.
i.e. `import user_service "code.gitea.io/gitea/services/user"`
### Implementing `io.Closer`
If a type implements `io.Closer`, calling `Close` multiple times must not fail or `panic` but return an error or `nil`.
### Important Gotchas
- Never write `x.Update(exemplar)` without an explicit `WHERE` clause:
- This will cause all rows in the table to be updated with the non-zero values of the exemplar - including IDs.
- You should usually write `x.ID(id).Update(exemplar)`.
- If during a migration you are inserting into a table using `x.Insert(exemplar)` where the ID is preset:
- You will need to ``SET IDENTITY_INSERT `table` ON`` for the MSSQL variant (the migration will fail otherwise)
- However, you will also need to update the id sequence for postgres - the migration will silently pass here but later insertions will fail:
``SELECT setval('table_name_id_seq', COALESCE((SELECT MAX(id)+1 FROM `table_name`), 1), false)``
### Future Tasks
Currently, we are creating some refactors to do the following things:
- Correct that codes which doesn't follow the rules.
- There are too many files in `models`, so we are moving some of them into a sub package `models/xxx`.
- Some `modules` sub packages should be moved to `services` because they depend on `models`.

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---
date: "2021-10-13T16:00:00+02:00"
slug: "guidelines-frontend"
sidebar_position: 30
aliases:
- /en-us/guidelines-frontend
---
# Guidelines for Frontend Development
## Background
Gitea uses [Fomantic-UI](https://fomantic-ui.com/introduction/getting-started.html) (based on [jQuery](https://api.jquery.com)) and [Vue3](https://vuejs.org/) for its frontend.
The HTML pages are rendered by [Go HTML Template](https://pkg.go.dev/html/template).
The source files can be found in the following directories:
* **CSS styles:** `web_src/css/`
* **JavaScript files:** `web_src/js/`
* **Vue components:** `web_src/js/components/`
* **Go HTML templates:** `templates/`
## General Guidelines
We recommend [Google HTML/CSS Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/htmlcssguide.html) and [Google JavaScript Style Guide](https://google.github.io/styleguide/jsguide.html)
### Gitea specific guidelines
1. Every feature (Fomantic-UI/jQuery module) should be put in separate files/directories.
2. HTML ids and classes should use kebab-case, it's preferred to contain 2-3 feature related keywords.
3. HTML ids and classes used in JavaScript should be unique for the whole project, and should contain 2-3 feature related keywords. We recommend to use the `js-` prefix for classes that are only used in JavaScript.
4. CSS styling for classes provided by frameworks should not be overwritten. Always use new class names with 2-3 feature related keywords to overwrite framework styles. Gitea's helper CSS classes in `helpers.less` could be helpful.
5. The backend can pass complex data to the frontend by using `ctx.PageData["myModuleData"] = map[]{}`, but do not expose whole models to the frontend to avoid leaking sensitive data.
6. Simple pages and SEO-related pages use Go HTML Template render to generate static Fomantic-UI HTML output. Complex pages can use Vue3.
7. Clarify variable types, prefer `elem.disabled = true` instead of `elem.setAttribute('disabled', 'anything')`, prefer `$el.prop('checked', var === 'yes')` instead of `$el.prop('checked', var)`.
8. Use semantic elements, prefer `<button class="ui button">` instead of `<div class="ui button">`.
9. Avoid unnecessary `!important` in CSS, add comments to explain why it's necessary if it can't be avoided.
10. Avoid mixing different events in one event listener, prefer to use individual event listeners for every event.
11. Custom event names are recommended to use `ce-` prefix.
12. Prefer using Tailwind CSS which is available via `tw-` prefix, e.g. `tw-relative`. Gitea's helper CSS classes use `gt-` prefix (`gt-ellipsis`), while Gitea's own private framework-level CSS classes use `g-` prefix (`g-modal-confirm`).
13. Avoid inline scripts & styles as much as possible, it's recommended to put JS code into JS files and use CSS classes. If inline scripts & styles are unavoidable, explain the reason why it can't be avoided.
### Accessibility / ARIA
In history, Gitea heavily uses Fomantic UI which is not an accessibility-friendly framework.
Gitea uses some patches to make Fomantic UI more accessible (see `aria.md` and related JS files),
but there are still many problems which need a lot of work and time to fix.
### Framework Usage
Mixing different frameworks together is discouraged, it makes the code difficult to be maintained.
A JavaScript module should follow one major framework and follow the framework's best practice.
Recommended implementations:
* Vue + Vanilla JS
* Fomantic-UI (jQuery)
* htmx (partial page reloads for otherwise static components)
* Vanilla JS
Discouraged implementations:
* Vue + Fomantic-UI (jQuery)
* jQuery + Vanilla JS
* htmx + any other framework which requires heavy JS code, or unnecessary features like htmx scripting (`hx-on`)
To make UI consistent, Vue components can use Fomantic-UI CSS classes.
We use htmx for simple interactions. You can see an example for simple interactions where htmx should be used in this [PR](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/pull/28908). Do not use htmx if you require more advanced reactivity, use another framework (Vue/Vanilla JS).
Although mixing different frameworks is discouraged,
it should also work if the mixing is necessary and the code is well-designed and maintainable.
### Typescript
Gitea is in the process of migrating to type-safe Typescript. Here are some specific guidelines regarding Typescript in the codebase:
#### Use type aliases instead of interfaces
Prefer to use type aliases because they can represent any type and are generally more flexible to use than interfaces.
#### Use separate type imports
We use `verbatimModuleSyntax` so type and non-type imports from the same file must be split into two `import type` statements. This enables the typescript compiler to completely eliminate the type import statements during compilation.
#### Use `@ts-expect-error` instead of `@ts-ignore`
Both annotations should be avoided, but if you have to use them, use `@ts-expect-error` because it will not leave ineffective statements after the issue is fixed.
### `async` Functions
Only mark a function as `async` if and only if there are `await` calls
or `Promise` returns inside the function.
It's not recommended to use `async` event listeners, which may lead to problems.
The reason is that the code after await is executed outside the event dispatch.
Reference: https://github.com/github/eslint-plugin-github/blob/main/docs/rules/async-preventdefault.md
If an event listener must be `async`, the `e.preventDefault()` should be before any `await`,
it's recommended to put it at the beginning of the function.
If we want to call an `async` function in a non-async context,
it's recommended to use `const _promise = asyncFoo()` to tell readers
that this is done by purpose, we want to call the async function and ignore the Promise.
Some lint rules and IDEs also have warnings if the returned Promise is not handled.
### Fetching data
To fetch data, use the wrapper functions `GET`, `POST` etc. from `modules/fetch.js`. They
accept a `data` option for the content, will automatically set CSRF token and return a
Promise for a [Response](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Response).
### HTML Attributes and `dataset`
The usage of `dataset` is forbidden, its camel-casing behaviour makes it hard to grep for attributes.
However, there are still some special cases, so the current guideline is:
* For legacy code:
* `$.data()` should be refactored to `$.attr()`.
* `$.data()` can be used to bind some non-string data to elements in rare cases, but it is highly discouraged.
* For new code:
* `node.dataset` should not be used, use `node.getAttribute` instead.
* never bind any user data to a DOM node, use a suitable design pattern to describe the relation between node and data.
### Show/Hide Elements
* Vue components are recommended to use `v-if` and `v-show` to show/hide elements.
* Go template code should use `.tw-hidden` and `showElem()/hideElem()/toggleElem()`, see more details in `.tw-hidden`'s comment.
### Styles and Attributes in Go HTML Template
It's recommended to use:
```html
<div class="gt-name1 gt-name2 {{if .IsFoo}}gt-foo{{end}}" {{if .IsFoo}}data-foo{{end}}></div>
```
instead of:
```html
<div class="gt-name1 gt-name2{{if .IsFoo}} gt-foo{{end}}"{{if .IsFoo}} data-foo{{end}}></div>
```
to make the code more readable.
### Legacy Code
A lot of legacy code already existed before this document's written. It's recommended to refactor legacy code to follow the guidelines.
### Vue3 and JSX
Gitea is using Vue3 now. We decided not to introduce JSX to keep the HTML and the JavaScript code separated.
### UI Examples
Gitea uses some self-made UI elements and customizes others to integrate them better into the general UI approach. When running Gitea in development mode (`RUN_MODE=dev`), a page with some standardized UI examples is available under `http(s)://your-gitea-url:port/devtest`.

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---
date: "2023-02-14T00:00:00+00:00"
slug: "guidelines-refactoring"
sidebar_position: 40
aliases:
- /en-us/guidelines-refactoring
---
# Guidelines for Refactoring
## Background
Since the first line of code was written at Feb 12, 2014, Gitea has grown to be a large project.
As a result, the codebase has become larger and larger. The larger the codebase is, the more difficult it is to maintain.
A lot of outdated mechanisms exist, a lot of frameworks are mixed together, some legacy code might cause bugs and block new features.
To make the codebase more maintainable and make Gitea better, developers should keep in mind to use modern mechanisms to refactor the old code.
This document is a collection of guidelines for refactoring the codebase.
## Refactoring Suggestions
* Design more about the future, but not only resolve the current problem.
* Reduce ambiguity, reduce conflicts, improve maintainability.
* Describe the refactoring, for example:
* Why the refactoring is needed.
* How the legacy problems would be solved.
* What's the Pros/Cons of the refactoring.
* Only do necessary changes, keep the old logic as much as possible.
* Introduce some intermediate steps to make the refactoring easier to review, a complete refactoring plan could be done in several PRs.
* If there is any divergence, the TOC(Technical Oversight Committee) should be involved to help to make decisions.
* Add necessary tests to make sure the refactoring is correct.
* Non-bug refactoring is preferred to be done at the beginning of a milestone, it would be easier to find problems before the release.
## Reviewing & Merging Suggestions
* A refactoring PR shouldn't be kept open for a long time (usually 7 days), it should be reviewed as soon as possible.
* A refactoring PR should be merged as soon as possible, it should not be blocked by other PRs.
* If there is no objection from TOC, a refactoring PR could be merged after 7 days with one core member's approval (not the author).
* Tolerate some dirty/hacky intermediate steps if the final result is good.
* Tolerate some regression bugs if the refactoring is necessary, fix bugs as soon as possible.

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---
date: "2016-12-01T16:00:00+02:00"
slug: "localization"
sidebar_position: 70
aliases:
- /en-us/localization
---
# Localization
Gitea's localization happens through our [Crowdin project](https://crowdin.com/project/gitea).
For changes to an **English** translation, a pull request can be made that changes the appropriate key in
the [english locale](https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/blob/main/options/locale/locale_en-US.ini).
For changes to a **non-English** translation, refer to the Crowdin project above.
## Supported Languages
Any language listed in the above Crowdin project will be supported as long as 25% or more has been translated.
After a translation has been accepted, it will be reflected in the main repository after the next Crowdin sync, which is generally after any PR is merged.
At the time of writing, this means that a changed translation may not appear until the following Gitea release.
If you use a bleeding edge build, it should appear as soon as you update after the change is synced.
# How to Contribute
Different Languages have different translation guidelines. Please visit the respective page for more information.